Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is a broad term that encompasses diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects.
CVD is the leading cause of death globally. It claims over 17 million lives each year. Many forms of CVD can be prevented by managing risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diets. Genetics and age also play a role.
What Happens in Cardiovascular Disease?
CVD affects the circulatory system - the network of organs and blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Here are some key processes:
- Atherosclerosis - Plaque buildup in the arteries causes them to stiffen and narrow, reducing blood flow. This can lead to heart attack or stroke.
- Blood Clots - Clots can fully or partially block blood flow, also increasing heart attack/stroke risk.
- Arrhythmias - Abnormal heart rhythms that impact the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.
- Heart Failure - When the heart cannot pump adequate blood and oxygen to meet the body's needs.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms vary based on the specific type of CVD but can include:
- Chest pain, tightness, or discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- Palpitations
- Lightheadedness, dizziness
- Nausea, indigestion
- Fatigue, weakness
- Swelling in legs, feet, or abdomen
How Is It Diagnosed and Treated?
- Physical Exam - Listening to the heart and checking pulse, blood pressure
- Diagnostic Tests - ECG, echocardiogram, stress test, CT scan, cardiac catheterization
- Medications - To manage conditions, symptoms, or risk factors
- Procedures - Angioplasty, stent placement, bypass surgery
- Lifestyle Changes - Diet, exercise, smoking cessation
The key is early detection and management. Seeking prompt care for symptoms can prevent complications. Controlling modifiable risk factors is crucial for prevention.
Visit Vivo Health for expert care and management of cardiovascular disease.