Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become weak and brittle, leading to an increased risk of fractures. As we age, bone density naturally decreases as old bone cells die faster than new ones can replace them. In osteoporosis, this loss of bone happens too quickly.
The most common sites for osteoporotic fractures are the hip, wrist, and spine. These broken bones can cause severe pain, deformity, loss of independence, and even premature death. So what causes this "silent disease"? And how can it be prevented?
Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include:
- Being female - estrogen helps protect bone health, so after menopause women lose this advantage
- Advanced age - bone density peaks around age 30 then gradually declines
- Family history of osteoporosis
- Smoking and excessive alcohol intake
- Certain medications like steroids
Luckily there are several ways to promote healthy bones and reduce osteoporosis risk:
- Get enough calcium and vitamin D from foods or supplements to reach the daily recommended amounts
- Perform regular weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises
- Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle, avoiding smoking and heavy alcohol use
- Have a bone density test to check your levels - this can help predict fracture risk early on when treatment is most effective
The most common medications used to treat osteoporosis are bisphosphonates like Actonel or Prolia. These work by reducing bone resorption and increasing bone density. Supplementary calcium and vitamin D may also be prescribed.
In summary, osteoporosis causes fragile bones that break easily. Although more common in older women, anyone can develop this "silent disease." Getting enough calcium and exercise, avoiding risk factors, checking bone density, and taking medications if needed can all help maintain strong, healthy bones throughout life.